Martin Jack¹, Lewis Amelia², Walker Daniel³, Hall Grace⁴, Allen Lucas⁵, Young Lily⁶
ABSTRACT:
High-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn) assays have revolutionized the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but their utility extends far beyond acute settings. This review explores the expanding role of hs-cTn in identifying subclinical myocardial injury and stratifying cardiovascular risk in chronic coronary syndromes, heart failure, and asymptomatic populations. We discuss pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical applications, and integration with other biomarkers (e.g., NT-proBNP, CRP) for comprehensive risk assessment. Emerging evidence supports hs-cTn as a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), guiding preventive strategies and personalized therapy. Challenges include standardization, age/sex-specific thresholds, and cost-effectiveness. Future directions involve AI-driven dynamic models, wearable monitoring, and global implementation strategies.