Böhm Anna¹, Richter Henry², Green Eva³, Lehner Samuel⁴, Carter Mia⁵, Voigt Leonie⁶
ABSTRACT:
Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating accurate diagnostic and prognostic tools for optimal management. This review evaluates the evolving roles of cardiac troponins (cTn) and natriuretic peptides (BNP, NT-proBNP) as biomarkers in HF. We discuss their pathophysiological significance, clinical utility in diagnosis and risk stratification, and emerging applications in guiding therapy. Advances in high-sensitivity assays, multi-marker strategies, and novel biomarkers (e.g., soluble ST2, galectin-3) are explored alongside challenges in standardization and implementation. The integration of these biomarkers into precision medicine approaches promises to improve HF outcomes through early detection, tailored treatment, and dynamic monitoring.